![]() ![]() (iii) Use salt to help generate ATP (energy). (ii) Found in the Dead Sea, Great Salt Lake, etc. (v) Produce marsh gas or intestinal gas (methane). (iv) Break down cellulose for herbivores (cows). (iii) Found in swamps, marshes, sewage treatment plants, digestive tracts of animals. (ii) Obtain energy by changing H 2 and CO 2 gas into methane gas. (i) Live in anaerobic environments (no oxygen). (iii) Subdivided into 3 groups based on their habitat - methanogens, thermoacidophiles, and extreme halophiles. (i) Found in harsh environments (undersea volcanic vents, acidic hot springs, salty water). ![]() (xxii) Classified by their structure, motility (ability to move), molecular composition, and reaction to stains (Gram stain). (xxi) Once grouped together in the kingdom Monera. (xx) Grouped into 2 kingdoms – Eubacteria (true bacteria) and Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria). (xix) Classified by their structure, motility (ability to move), molecular composition, and reaction to stains (Gram stain). Fungal diseases are particularly dangerous to immunocompromised people, such as those suffering from HIV/AIDS.(xviii) Some can form protective endospores around the DNA when conditions become unfavorable may stay inactive several years and then re-activate when conditions favorable. Fungi most often cause skin infections and pneumonia. They are most commonly found as environmentally resistant spores and molds, but can cause disease in humans in the form of yeasts. Fungi are eukaryotes, meaning that like parasites, their cells have a true nucleus and complex internal structures. ![]() Eurofins CRL does not currently offer testing against parasites.įungi are diverse in terms of their shape, size and means of infecting humans. Waterborne parasites, such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium are the most common causes of parasitic disease in the United States. In developing countries unicellular parasites, such as Plasomdium, the cause of malaria, are a major sources of disease. Parasites can be made of one cell, as in the case of Giardia, or many cells, as with parasitic worms. Some parasites only replicate within a host organism, but some can multiply freely in the environment. Parasites are usually larger than bacteria, although some environmentally resistant forms are nearly as small. Parasites are different from bacteria or viruses because their cells share many features with human cells including a defined nucleus. Parasites are part of a large group of organisms called eukaryotes. Some bacteria can double in number every fifteen minutes, while others take weeks or months to multiply.īacteria cause many types of diseases, ranging from mild skin irritation to lethal pneumonia. Some bacteria live and multiply in the environment while others are adapted to life within human or animal hosts. They acquire energy from the same essential sources as humans, including sugars, proteins, and fats. Most bacteria consist of a ring of DNA surrounded by cellular machinery, all contained within a fatty membrane. They are typically 1 to 3 microns in length and take the shape of a sphere or rod. Some viruses, called bacteriophages, even infect bacteria.īacteria are generally ten to 100 times larger than viruses. Viruses are known to infect nearly every type of organism on Earth. Because viruses do not eat food - instead they seize materials and energy from host cells by hijacking cellular machinery - some scientists argue that they are more like complex molecules than living creatures. Viruses are different from all other infectious microorganisms because they are the only group of microorganisms that are entirely reliant on a host cell for replication. Some viruses also have a thin, fatty envelope surrounding their protein coat. ![]() They consist of little more than a small piece of genetic material surrounded by a thin protein coating. Most viruses are exceedingly small (about 20 - 200 nanometers in diameter) and essentially round in shape. With the exception of prions, viruses are the smallest known agents of infectious disease. ![]()
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